Garni Temple

The Pagan Temple of Garni is located in Garni village, Kotayk Province. It represents a unique fusion of Hellenistic and Armenian architecture and culture. Scholars believe the temple was dedicated to the pagan sun god Mihr (Areg), the patron god of King Trdat I. After his enthronement in Rome, Trdat built this temple in Garni in honor of Mihr. The term ""mehean"" (used for pagan shrines) derives from Mihr’s name. After returning to Armenia in 66 AD, Trdat initiated large-scale construction, including restoration of the Garni Fortress, the temple, and the royal baths. In the 7th century, St. Sion Church was also built nearby. With the adoption of Christianity in the 4th century, the temple was converted for Christian use. Its cella (inner chamber) was demolished and replaced with a church, and its pagan elements—altars and idols—were removed. The temple, built in Hellenistic style, belongs to the peripteral type (surrounded by columns), a hallmark of Ancient Greek religious structures. The nine steps leading up to it are also typical of pagan temples. The 1679 earthquake destroyed the temple completely. It was rebuilt between 1969–1975, restoring its original form.