St. Hovhannes Mkrtich Church (Shushi)

Region

Artsakh

Distance from Yerevan

339.7 km

Type

Monastery/Church

In the historical Upper or New District of Shushi, stands the St. Hovhannes Mkrtich Church, also known by another name: the Church of the Karabakhians. This name reflects its historical origins—it was founded by a community that had relocated there from various villages across Artsakh. Initially, the sanctuary was a modest wooden structure, but in 1847, it was rebuilt in stone, becoming a full-fledged complex that included both the church and its bell tower. On the upper part of the bell tower entrance, to the left and right, construction inscriptions have been preserved, confirming the date of its construction and relevant historical facts. In popular speech, the church was sometimes called “Kanach Zham” (Green Chapel), in memory of its once green-colored dome that stood out in the surrounding landscape for many years. Architecturally, St. Hovhannes Mkrtich Church stands out for its cruciform floor plan and elongated proportions. On the eastern side is a semi-circular apse, flanked by southern and northern arms, creating a two-part prayer hall. The first part, a rectangular hall, extends in front of the apse, while the second, an almost square room, is located behind the bell tower. Notably, the bell tower is not a separate structure, but rather an integral part of the church’s overall construction. The entrance is located on the western façade, passing through the bell tower, emphasizing the ceremonial nature of this area. Since the church floor is about two meters higher than the courtyard level, ten steps with retaining walls were constructed in front of the entrance, highlighting the symbolic, sacred ascent into the sanctuary. Inside, the prayer hall is divided into two sections. The first, nearly square room, is covered with a vaulted ceiling typical of gabled buildings. Above the second, elongated hall rises the dome, which rests on finely-cut stone pillars. The transition from the dome base square to the dome itself is achieved through a unique pendentive technique, faithful to traditional Armenian architectural spirit. Unlike in many other churches, the sacristies in this church are located beneath the apse, directly accessible from the prayer hall. A similar design can be found in the Gtchavank Church, which also features a vaulted hall-style structure. The church is built from cream-colored finely and roughly hewn limestone. The most important architectural elements—corners, cornices, arches, domes, and stairs—are crafted with remarkable precision and craftsmanship. The church’s bright interior is due to eight large windows opened in the walls of the prayer hall, three of which are located in the apse, creating a well-lit and spiritually intimate atmosphere. In terms of its architectural form and appearance, St. Hovhannes Mkrtich Church fits harmoniously into Shushi’s green surroundings and also performs a significant urban planning role, serving as a central organizing element in the local environment.