Yerevan City Tour, Tstitsernakaberd Memorial Complex, Erebuni Fortress, Republic Square

"At the beginning of the 20th century, the Turkish government carried out one of the century’s greatest crimes against humanity—the Armenian Genocide. The Tsitsernakaberd Memorial Complex is dedicated to the 1.5 million Armenians who perished as a result of the genocide orchestrated by the Ottoman Empire. Since its inauguration in 1967, the memorial has become an integral part of Yerevan’s architectural landscape, serving as a pilgrimage site.

The complex consists of three main structures:

- The Memorial Wall (Hushapat),
- The Sanctuary of Eternity, where an eternal flame burns,
- The ""Reborn Armenia"" Memorial Column, a 44-meter-high pillar symbolizing the revival of the Armenian people.

Twelve massive stone slabs encircle the eternal flame, representing the twelve provinces of historic Western Armenia that were lost due to the genocide. Surrounding the memorial is a 100-meter-long wall, engraved with the names of the cities and villages where the massacres took place."

The Erebuni Fortress historical monument is located on Arin Berd hill in Yerevan’s Erebuni district. Excavations have uncovered a cuneiform inscription confirming that this fortress was built by one of the most powerful kings of the Urartian Kingdom, Argishti I, in the fifth year of his reign, in 782 BCE, and was named Erebuni. Thanks to the interpretation of Urartologist Boris Piotrovsky, this monument became the first reliable evidence of Yerevan’s foundation. The fortress consisted of palatial, religious, and economic structures.

Republic Square is the main square of Yerevan, designed by architect Alexander Tamanyan in the 1924 master plan of the city. It serves as a major urban and transportation hub, as well as a venue for various events and gatherings. The square features the singing fountains, two major museums—the History Museum of Armenia and the National Gallery, along with government buildings constructed between the 1920s and 1950s, the Central Post Office of Armenia, and the Marriott Hotel. The Republic Square complex is considered one of the finest examples of Soviet-era architecture, earning the State Prize of the Armenian SSR in 1971.